Introduction:
Israel has one of the highest rates of skin cancer in the world. The intense sunlight of the region, combined with a population whose ancestry comes from much cooler and lower-UV environments, creates a biological mismatch. Understanding why this happens means understanding how skin color evolved in direct response to the sun.
Israel’s Climate and UV Radiation
Israel sits at a latitude with very strong ultraviolet radiation. The UV index often ranges from 9 to 11 during the warmer months — classified as “very high” to “extreme.” This intensity means that even short exposure without protection can cause DNA damage in skin cells.
The Population Shift: From Europe to the Levant
Many of Israel’s modern citizens are of European or Central Asian descent, people whose ancestors lived for centuries in regions with much weaker sunlight. Their skin evolved to be lighter, allowing more UV absorption for vitamin D synthesis. That adaptation worked well in places like Poland, Germany, or Russia — but in a country like Israel, the same light skin burns easily under equatorial-level radiation.
When these populations resettled in Israel in the 20th century, they effectively placed low-melanin skin in a high-UV environment. The result has been a sharp rise in UV-related conditions, including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
Indigenous Adaptation and Protection
By contrast, Indigenous peoples whose ancestors lived for thousands of years in high-UV regions evolved dense eumelanin pigmentation that naturally filters ultraviolet light.
In equatorial Africa, the Pacific Islands, Australia, and parts of South Asia, dark skin functions as a built-in shield against UV damage. This protection drastically reduces the incidence of skin cancer in those populations, even under stronger sunlight than Israel’s.
Melanin works like a natural sunscreen: it absorbs and scatters UV radiation before it can damage DNA. It also prevents the breakdown of folate, an essential nutrient for reproduction and cell repair. For people whose skin evolved in those regions, melanoma is exceedingly rare.
Why Modern Israel Faces a Skin-Cancer Burden
- High UV exposure year-round.
The desert and Mediterranean sun delivers extreme radiation most days of the year. - Light-skinned ancestry.
A large portion of the population has relatively low melanin levels, offering little natural UV protection. - Outdoor lifestyle.
Beaches, agriculture, and military service all involve extended sun exposure. - Inconsistent sun protection.
Sunscreen and shade use may not always match the intensity of the environment. - Cultural mismatch.
Ancestry and evolution designed many residents for cloudy northern skies, not desert sunlight.
The Broader Lesson
Skin cancer in Israel is less about location and more about adaptation. When people live in climates that match their evolutionary design, their bodies maintain equilibrium with the sun. When populations migrate far from their ancestral UV environment, the mismatch between skin pigmentation and solar intensity exposes them to new health risks.
For Indigenous peoples who remained within their ancestral latitudes, skin color and climate stayed aligned. For fair-skinned populations now living in Israel, that evolutionary balance no longer exists — and the result is an epidemic that nature itself had once prevented.
